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In concept, a smart charging management system (SCMS) optimizes the chargingof plug-in vehicles (PEVs) and provides various grid services including voltagecontrol, frequency regulation, peak shaving, renewable energy integrationsupport, spinning reserve, and emergency demand response. These functionalitieslargely depend upon data collected from various entities such as PEVs, electricvehicle supply equipment (EVSE), service providers, and utilities. SCMS can besusceptible to both cyber and physical threats (e.g. man-in-the-middle attack,data intrigued attack, denial of charging, physical-attack) due to interactionsof and interdependencies between cyber and physical components. Cyber-physicalthreats through highly connected malware vectors raise various concernsincluding public safety hazards to vehicle operators and those in the immediatevicinity as well as disruptions to electric grid operations. This paperdescribes the concept of SCMS and provides a comprehensive review of thecybersecurity aspects of EVSEs and SCMSs with their possible impacts on thepower grid and society. It also contributes to the development of cybersecuritymeasures to the SCMSs. Various functions of SCMS are reviewed in detailincluding peak shaving, demand charge reduction, frequency regulation, spinningreserve, renewable integration support, distribution congestion management,reactive power compensation, and emergency demand response with unidirectionalPEVs charging. Also, a critical literature survey on current practices of SCMScybersecurity is provided to explore major impacts and challenges ofcyber-physical attacks and to identify research gaps and vulnerabilities incurrently available SCMSs technologies.

Cybersecurity of Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Management Systems