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The implementation of cryptographic primitives in integrated circuits (ICs)continues to increase over the years due to the recent advancement ofsemiconductor manufacturing and reduction of cost per transistors. The hardwareimplementation makes cryptographic operations faster and more energy-efficient.However, various hardware attacks have been proposed aiming to extract thesecret key in order to undermine the security of these primitives. In thispaper, we focus on the widely used advanced encryption standard (AES) blockcipher and demonstrate its vulnerability against tampering attack. Our proposedattack relies on implanting a hardware Trojan in the netlist by an untrustedfoundry, which can design and implement such a Trojan as it has access to thedesign layout and mask information. The hardware Trojan's activation modifies aparticular round's input data by preventing the effect of all previous rounds'key-dependent computation. We propose to use a sequential hardware Trojan todeliver the payload at the input of an internal round for achieving thismodification of data. All the internal subkeys, and finally, the secret key canbe computed from the observed ciphertext once the Trojan is activated. Weimplement our proposed tampering attack with a sequential hardware Trojaninserted into a 128-bit AES design from OpenCores benchmark suite and reportthe area overhead to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed tamperingattack.

A Novel Tampering Attack on AES Cores with Hardware Trojans