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Rising motion of an obstacle in a vibrated granular medium is a classicproblem of granular segregation, and called the Brazil nut (BN) effect. Thecontrolling vibration parameters of the effect has been a long-standingproblem. A simple possibility that the BN effect can be characterized solely byvibration velocity has recently been pointed out. The issue has becomecontroversial before a long history of research, with only a few systems haveprovided for the simple possibility. Here, we investigate the rising motion ofan obstacle in a vertically positioned one-layer granular bed under continuousvibrations. We find the rising motion is composed of two distinct regimes, andthe first and second regimes are both governed, in terms of vibrationparameters, solely by the vibration velocity. We further demonstrate simplescaling laws well describe the two regimes. Our results support the emergentpossibility on the controlling parameters of the BN effect and suggests thatthis feature would be universal. We propose two possible mechanisms ofconvection and arch effect for the two distinct regimes and demonstrate thesemechanism explain the scaling laws followed by our experimental data.

Rising obstacle in a one-layer granular bed induced by continuous vibrations: two dynamical regimes governed by vibration velocity