English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Western music is largely governed by tonality, a quasi syntactic systemregulating musical continuity and closure. Converging measures have establishedthe psychological reality of tonality as a cognitive schema raising distinctexpectancy for both adults and children. However, while tonal expectations wereassociated with emotion in adults, little is known about the tonality emotionaleffects in children. Here we examine whether children associate levels of tonalclosure with emotional valence, whether such associations are age dependent,and how they interact with other musical dimensions. 52 children, aged 7, 11,listened to chord progressions implying closure followed by a probe tone.Probes could realize closure (tonic note), violate it mildly (unstable diatonicnote) or extremely (out of key note). Three timbres (piano, guitar, woodwinds)and three pitch heights were used for each closure level. Stimuli weredescribed to participants as exchanges between two children (chords, probe).Participants chose one of two emojis, suggesting positive or negative emotions,as representing the 2nd child response. A significant effect of tonal closurewas found, with no interactions with age, instrument, or pitch height. Resultssuggest that tonality, a non referential cognitive schema, affects childrenperception of emotion in music early, robustly and independently of basicmusical dimensions.

Sad syntax? Tonal closure Affects Children's Perception of Emotional Valence