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The vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a vitalapproach for realizing energy efficient, high speed optical interconnects inthe data center and supercomputers. As of today, VCSEL is the most suitable formass production in terms of cost-effectiveness and reliability. However, thereare still key challenges for higher speed modulation above 40 GHz. Here, ahexagonal transverse coupled cavity VCSEL adiabatically coupled through thecenter cavity is proposed. A 3-dB roll-off modulation bandwidth of 45 GHz isdemonstrated, which is five times greater than a conventional VCSEL fabricatedon the same epi-wafer structure. While a parity time (PT) symmetry approachesadd loss to engineer the topological state of the laser system, here, a radicalparadigm shift with gain introduces symmetry breaking. This idea, then enablesa single mode operation with a side-mode suppression-ratio (SMSR) of > 30decibels and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of > 45 decibels. The energydistribution inside the coupled cavity system is also redistributed to providea coherent gain in a spatially separated system. Consequently, throughput poweris three times higher than that of the conventional VCSEL.

Hexagonal Transverse Coupled Cavity VCSEL Redefining the High-Speed Lasers