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The methane cycle is a key component of the Earth system that links planetaryclimate, biological metabolism, and the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon,oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen. However, currently lacking is a numerical modelcapable of simulating a diversity of environments in the ocean where methanecan be produced and destroyed, and with the flexibility to be able to explorenot only relatively recent perturbations to Earth's methane cycle but also toprobe methane cycling and associated climate impacts under the reducingconditions characteristic of most of Earth history and likely widespread onother Earth-like planets. Here, we present an expansion of the ocean-atmospheremethane cycle in the intermediate-complexity Earth system model cGENIE,including parameterized atmospheric photochemistry and schemes for microbialmethanogenesis, aerobic methanotrophy, and anaerobic oxidation of methane. Wedescribe the model framework, compare model parameterizations against modernobservations, and illustrate the flexibility of the model through a series ofexample simulations. Though we make no attempt to rigorously tune default modelparameters, we find that simulated atmospheric methane levels and marinedissolved methane distributions are generally in good agreement with empiricalconstraints for the modern and recent Earth. Finally, we illustrate the model'sutility in understanding the time-dependent behavior of the methane cycleresulting from transient carbon injection into the atmosphere, and presentmodel ensembles that examine the effects of oceanic chemistry and thethermodynamics of microbial metabolism on steady-state atmospheric methaneabundance.

Oceanic and atmospheric methane cycling in the cGENIE Earth system model