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Muon radiography is a promising technique to image the internal densitystructures upto a few hundred meters scale, such as tunnels, pyramids andvolcanos, by measuring the flux attenuation of cosmic ray muons after trvalingthrough these targets. In this study, we conducted an experimantal cosmic raymuon radiography of the Wudalianchi volcano in northeast China for imaging itsinternal density structures. The muon detector used in this study is made ofplastic scintillator and silicon photomultiplier. After about one and a halfmonth observation for the Laoheishan volcano cone in the Wudalianchi volcano,from September 23rd to November 10th, 2019, more than 3 million muon trackspassing the data selection criteria are obtained. Based on the muonobservations and the high-resoluiton topography from aerial photogrammetry byunmanned aerial vehicle, the relative density image of the Laoheishan volcanocone is obtained. The experiment in this study is the first muon radiography ofvolcano performed in China, and the results suggest the feasibility ofradiography technique based on plastic scintillator muon detector. As a newpassive geophysical imaging method, cosmic ray muon radiography could become apromising method to obtain the high-resoution 2-D and 3-D density structuresfor shallow geological targets.

Experimental density radiography of Wudalianchi volcano with cosmic ray muons