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The next generation Internet of Things (IoT) exhibits a unique feature thatIoT devices have different energy profiles and quality of service (QoS)requirements.  In this paper, two energy and spectrally efficient transmission strategies,namely wireless power transfer assisted non-orthogonal multiple access(WPT-NOMA) and backscatter communication assisted NOMA (BAC-NOMA), are proposedby utilizing this feature of IoT and employing spectrum and energy cooperationamong the devices. Furthermore, for the proposed WPT-NOMA scheme, theapplication of hybrid successive interference cancelation (SIC) is alsoconsidered, and analytical results are developed to demonstrate that WPT-NOMAcan avoid outage probability error floors and realize the full diversity gain.Unlike WPT-NOMA, BAC-NOMA suffers from an outage probability error floor, andthe asymptotic behaviour of this error floor is analyzed in the paper byapplying the extreme value theory. In addition, the effect of a unique featureof BAC-NOMA, i.e., employing one device's signal as the carrier signal foranother device, is studied, and its impact on the diversity gain is revealed.Simulation results are also provided to compare the performance of the proposedstrategies and verify the developed analytical results.

Harvesting Devices' Heterogeneous Energy Profiles and QoS Requirements in IoT: WPT-NOMA vs BAC-NOMA