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Freezing interface interacting with soft cells is a core issue incryopreservation. However, most of existing cryopreservation approaches facechallenges such as complex processing and poor controllability. Herein wereport a new, nanotechnology-based method to modulate interfacial interactionsbetween ice and cells via the premelting theory. Through the interfacial designby controllably modifying biocompatible nanoshells on the surface of cells, theeffective Hamaker constant between cells and ice can be modified. The thicknessof premelted films between cells and ice is further regulated, and directionalmigration of coated cells occurs in a thermal gradient to achieve directionalthawing of coated cells. The decreased mortality of freezing coated cellssuggests the premelting modulation in freezing and thawing can effectivelyprotect cells from mechanical damage of ice formation during freezing and icerecrystallization during thawing.

Premelting-directed interfacial design of nanoshell-coated cells in directional freezing and thawing