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Small, low-cost IoT devices are typically equipped with only a single,low-quality antenna, significantly limiting communication range and linkquality. In particular, these antennas are typically linearly polarized andtherefore susceptible to polarization mismatch, which can easily cause 10-15dBm of link loss on communication to and from such devices. In this work, wehighlight this under-appreciated issue and propose the augmentation of IoTdeployment environments with programmable, RF-sensitive surfaces made ofmetamaterials. Our smart meta-surface mitigates polarization mismatch byrotating the polarization of signals that pass through or reflect off thesurface. We integrate our metasurface into an IoT network as LAMA, a Low-powerLattice of Actuated Metasurface Antennas, designed for the pervasively used 2.4GHz ISM band. We optimize LAMA's metasurface design for both low transmissionloss and low cost, to facilitate deployment at scale. We then build anend-to-end system that actuates the metasurface structure to optimize for linkperformance in real time. Our experimental prototype-based evaluationdemonstrates gains in link power of up to 15 dBm, and wireless capacityimprovements of 100 and 180 Kbit/s/Hz in through-surface and surface-reflectivescenarios, respectively, attributable to the polarization rotation propertiesof LAMA'S metasurface.

Pushing the Physical Limits of IoT Devices with Programmable Metasurfaces