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Inhibition of bubble coalescence in electrolyte solutions enables theformation of oceanic whitecaps and affects the heat and mass transfer in manybubble related engineering processes. For different electrolytes, the abilityto inhibit bubble coalescence correlates to the ion specificity at the airwater interface at an abnormal cation-anion pair relationship, rather than thetypically expected cation or anion series that was widely reported inatmospheric, bio- and chemical processes. Here we show that the inhomogeneousinterfacial flow, at a different electrolyte concentration from the solutionbecause of the surface specificity of both cation and anion, contributes to thebubble coalescence inhibition behavior in electrolyte solutions. Theinterfacial flow, achieved with the mobile air-water interface, contributes tothe continuous change of electrolyte concentration within the liquid filmformed between two colliding bubbles, thereby resulting in a concentrationgradient of electrolytes between the thin film and the bulk solution. Theelectrolyte concentration gradient, hence surface tension gradient, becomessignificant to resist film thinning when the film thickness reaches tens ofnanometers. The retarded film thinning between two bubbles and delayed bubblecoalescence were experimentally captured by high-speed interferometry andquantitatively explained by the proposed electrolyte transportation model. Thisfinding clearly highlights the coupled effect of interfacial flow and ionspecificity, and shows important implications for improved understanding ofocean waves, for future development of colloidal science in high concentrationelectrolyte solutions that is critical for biology, and benefits many appliedfields like water splitting and mineral extraction.

Ion specificity modulated inhomogeneous interfacial flow inhibits bubble coalescence in electrolyte solutions