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Accurate prediction of spray atomization process using an Euler-Lagrange (EL)approach is challenging because of high volume fraction of the liquid phase indense regimes. This would in reality displace a remarkable portion of thegaseous phase which is commonly ignored in the standard EL approaches. Inaddition, deformation of droplet due to the interaction of aerodynamic force,surface tension and viscous forces is typically neglected in modeling densesprays. In this work, to capture the volumetric displacement effects using anEL approach, the spatio-temporal changes in the volume fraction of the gaseousphase are taken into account. This leads to zero-Mach number, variable densityequations that give rise to a source term in both momentum and continuityequations. It is shown that the continuity source term increases the velocityand dynamics of the carrier phase close to the nozzle. However, owing to thejet spread and dispersion of droplets, these effects decrease furtherdownstream. In order to quantify the droplet deformation effects, differentmodels are compared together with an experimental data. Different breakupregimes are studied in order to identify the best model for each regime. Theshape deformation effect is isolated by performing a single droplet injectedinto the cross flow with flow conditions similar to the bag-type breakup. Asignificant deviation in the motion of droplet is observed compared to a casewhere deformation is neglected.

Modeling Drop Deformation Effects in the Euler-Lagrange Prediction of Liquid Jet in Cross Flow