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Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) can be employed for deviceidentification, authentication, secret key storage, and other security tasks.However, PUFs are susceptible to modeling attacks if a number of PUFs'challenge-response pairs (CRPs) are exposed to the adversary. Furthermore, manyof the embedded devices requiring authentication have stringent resourceconstraints and thus require a lightweight authentication mechanism. We proposePUF-RLA, a PUF-based lightweight, highly reliable authentication schemeemploying binary string shuffling. The proposed scheme enhances the reliabilityof PUF as well as alleviates the resource constraints by employing errorcorrection in the server instead of the device without compromising thesecurity. The proposed PUF-RLA is robust against brute force, replay, andmodeling attacks. In PUF-RLA, we introduce an inexpensive yet secure streamauthentication scheme inside the device which authenticates the server beforethe underlying PUF can be invoked. This prevents an adversary from bruteforcing the device's PUF to acquire CRPs essentially locking out the devicefrom unauthorized model generation. Additionally, we also introduce alightweight CRP obfuscation mechanism involving XOR and shuffle operations.Results and security analysis verify that the PUF-RLA is secure against bruteforce, replay, and modeling attacks, and provides ~99% reliable authentication.In addition, PUF-RLA provides a reduction of 63% and 74% for look-up tables(LUTs) and register count, respectively, in FPGA compared to a recentlyproposed approach while providing additional authentication advantages.

PUF-RLA: A PUF-based Reliable and Lightweight Authentication Protocol employing Binary String Shuffling