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We study the chemotaxis of a population of genetically identical swimmingbacteria undergoing run and tumble dynamics driven by stochastic switchingbetween clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the flagellar rotary system.Understanding chemotaxis quantitatively requires that one links the switchingrate of the rotary system in a gradient of chemoattractant/repellant toexperimental measures of the efficiency of a population of bacteria in movingup/down the gradient. Here we achieve this by using a probabilistic model andshow that the response of a population to the gradient is complex. We find thechanges to a phenotype (the steady state switching rate in the absence ofgradients) affects the average speed of the response as well as the width ofthe distribution and both must be taken into account to optimise the overallresponse of the population in complex environments. This is due to thebehaviour of individuals in the 'tails' of the distribution. Hence we show thatfor chemotaxis, the behaviour of atypical individuals can have a significantimpact on the fitness of a population.

Steady state running rate sets the speed and accuracy of accumulation of swimming bacterial populations