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Genetic circuits need a cellular environment to operate in, which naturallycouples the circuit function with the overall functionality of gene regulatorynetwork. To execute their functions all gene circuits draw resources in theform of RNA polymerases, ribosomes, and tRNAs. Recent experiments pointed outthat the role of resource competition on synthetic circuit outputs could beimmense. However, the effect of complexity of the circuit architecture onresource sharing dynamics is yet unexplored. In this paper, we employmathematical modelling and in-silico experiments to identify the sources ofresource trade-off and to quantify its impact on the function of a geneticcircuit, keeping our focus on regulation of immediate downstream proteins. Wetake the example of the fluorescent reporters, which are often used as proteinread-outs. We show that estimating gene expression dynamics from readings ofdownstream protein data might be unreliable when the resource is limited andribosome affinities are asymmetric. We focus on the impact of mRNA copy numberand RBS strength on the nonlinear isocline that emerges with two regimes,prominently separated by a tipping point, and study how correlation andcompetition dominate each other depending on various circuit parameters.Focusing further on genetic toggle circuit, we have identified major effects ofresource competition in this model motif, and quantified the observations. Theobservations are testable in wet-lab experiments, as all the parameters chosenare experimentally relevant.

Emergent Correlations in Gene Expression Dynamics as Footprints of Resource Competition