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In this paper, an analytical framework is provided to analyze the energycoverage performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) energy harvestingnetworks with clustered user equipments (UEs). Locations of UEs are modeled asa Poisson Cluster Process (PCP), and UAVs are assumed to be located at acertain height above the center of user clusters. Hence, user-centric UAVdeployments are addressed. Two different models are considered for theline-of-sight (LOS) probability function to compare their effects on thenetwork performance. Moreover, antennas with doughnut-shaped radiation patternsare employed at both UAVs and UEs, and the impact of practical 3D antennaradiation patterns on the network performance is also investigated. Initially,the path loss of each tier is statistically described by deriving thecomplementary cumulative distribution function and probability densityfunction. Following this, association probabilities with each tier aredetermined, and energy coverage probability of the UAV network is characterizedin terms of key system and network parameters for UAV deployments both at asingle height level and more generally at multiple heights. Through numericalresults, we have shown that cluster size and UAV height play crucial roles onthe energy coverage performance. Furthermore, energy coverage probability issignificantly affected by the antenna orientation and number of UAVs in thenetwork.

Energy Harvesting in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks with 3D Antenna Radiation Patterns