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In this work, an implicit scheme for particle-in-cell/Fourier electromagneticsimulations is developed and applied to studies of Alfv\'en waves in onedimension and three-dimensional tokamak plasmas. An analytical treatment isintroduced to achieve efficient convergence of the iterative solution of theimplicit field-particle system. First, its application to the one-dimensionaluniform plasma demonstrates its applicability in a broad range of $\beta/m_e$values. Second, toroidicity induced Alfv\'en eigenmodes (TAE) are simulated ina three-dimensional axisymmetric tokamak plasma, using the widely studied casedefined by the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) Energetic Particle(EP) Topical Group. The real frequency and the growth (or damping) rate of theTAE with (or without) EPs agree with previous results reasonably well. The fullf electromagnetic particle scheme established in this work provides a possiblenatural choice for EP transport studies where large profile variation andarbitrary particle distribution functions need to be treated in kineticsimulations.

The development of an implicit full f method for electromagnetic particle simulations of Alfv\'en waves and energetic particle physics