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Nanoscale communication systems operating in Ter-ahertz (THz) band areanticipated to revolutionise the healthcaresystems of the future. Globalwireless data traffic is undergoinga rapid growth. However, wireless systems,due to their broad-casting nature, are vulnerable to malicious securitybreaches. Inaddition, advances in quantum computing poses a risk toexistingcrypto-based information security. It is of the utmost importancetomake the THz systems resilient to potential active and passiveattacks which maylead to devastating consequences, especiallywhen handling sensitive patientdata in healthcare systems. Newstrategies are needed to analyse these maliciousattacks and topropose viable countermeasures. In this manuscript, we presentanew authentication mechanism for nanoscale communicationsystems operating inTHz band at the physical layer. We assessedan impersonation attack on a THzsystem. We propose usingpath loss as a fingerprint to conduct authenticationvia two-stephypothesis testing for a transmission device. We used hiddenMarkovModel (HMM) viterbi algorithm to enhance the outputof hypothesis testing. Wealso conducted transmitter identificationusing maximum likelihood and Gaussianmixture model (GMM)expectation maximization algorithms. Our simulationsshowedthat the error probabilities are a decreasing functions of SNR. At 10 dBwith 0.2 false alarm, the detection probability was almostone. We furtherobserved that HMM out-performs hypothesistesting at low SNR regime (10%increase in accuracy is recordedat SNR =5 dB) whereas the GMM is useful whengroundtruths are noisy. Our work addresses major security gaps facedbycommunication system either through malicious breachesor quantum computing,enabling new applications of nanoscalesystems for Industry 4.0.

Securing the Insecure: A First-Line-of-Defense for Nanoscale Communication Systems Operating in THz Band