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Partons are effective degrees of freedom describing the structure of hadronsinvolved in high-energy collisions. Familiar theories of partons are QCDlight-front quantization and soft-collinear effective theory, both of which areintrinsically Minkowskian and appear unsuitable for classical Monte Carlosimulations. A ``new'' form of the parton theory has been formulated in term ofthe old-fashioned, Feynman's infinite momentum frame, in which the partondegrees of freedom are filtered through infinite-momentum external states. Thepartonic structure of hadrons is then related to the matrix elements of static(equal-time) correlators in the state $|P^z=\infty\rangle$. This representationlays the foundation of large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) whichapproximates parton physics through a systematic $M/P^z$ expansion of thelattice QCD matrix elements at a finite but large momentum $P^z$, and removesthe residual logarithmic-$P^z$ dependence by the standardeffective-field-theory matching and running.

Why is LaMET an effective field theory for partonic structure?