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A unified virtual oscillator controller (uVOC) is proposed, which enables aunified analysis, design, and implementation framework for both grid-forming(GFM) and grid-following (GFL) voltage source converters (VSCs). Oscillatorbased GFM controllers, such as dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC),offer rigorous analytical framework with enhanced synchronization, but lackeffective fault handling capability which severely limits practicalapplication. The proposed uVOC facilitates synchronization with an arbitrarilylow grid voltage and fast over-current limiting; this enables effective faultride-through unlike existing GFM controllers which typically switch to aback-up controller during fault. GFM operation with uVOC is achieved in bothgrid connected and islanded modes with seamless transition between the two. InGFL converters, bidirectional power flow control and DC bus voltage regulationis achieved with uVOC. No phase-locked-loop (PLL) is required for either GFL orGFM operation circumventing the synchronization issues associated with PLLs inweak grid applications. Detail small signal models for GFM and GFL operationhave been developed and systematic design guidelines for controller parametersare provided. The proposed controller is validated through hardware experimentsin a hybrid AC-DC microgrid.

Unified Virtual Oscillator Control for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Converters