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With the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreading across theworld, protective measures for containing the virus are essential, especiallyas long as no vaccine or effective treatment is available. One importantmeasure is the so-called physical distancing or social distancing. In thispaper, we propose an agent-based numerical simulation of pedestrian dynamics inorder to assess behaviour of pedestrians in public places in the context ofcontact-transmission of infectious diseases like COVID-19, and to gatherinsights about exposure times and the overall effectiveness of distancingmeasures. To abide the minimum distance of $1.5m$ stipulated by the Germangovernment at an infection rate of 2%, our simulation results suggest that adensity of one person per $16m^2$ or below is sufficient. The results of thisstudy give insight about how physical distancing as a protective measure can becarried out more efficiently to help reduce the spread of COVID-19.

Agent-based Simulation of Pedestrian Dynamics for Exposure Time Estimation in Epidemic Risk Assessment