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The combination of non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) and cooperativecommunications can be a suitable solution for fifth generation (5G) and beyond5G (B5G) wireless systems with massive connectivity, because it can providehigher spectral efficiency, lower energy consumption, and improved fairnesscompared to the non-cooperative NOMA. However,the receiver complexity in theconventional cooperative NOMA increases with increasing number of users owingto successive interference cancellation (SIC) at each user. Space time blockcode-aided cooperative NOMA (STBC-CNOMA) offers less numbers of SIC as comparedto that of conventional cooperative NOMA. In this paper, we evaluate theperformance of STBC-CNOMA under practical challenges such as imperfect SIC,imperfect timing synchronization between distributed cooperating users, andimperfect channel state information (CSI). We derive closed-form expressions ofthe received signals in the presence of such realistic impairments and then usethem to evaluate outage probability. Further, we provide intuitive insightsinto the impact of each impairment on the outage performance through asymptoticanalysis at high transmit signal-to-noise ratio. We also compare the complexityof STBC-CNOMA with existing cooperative NOMA protocols for a given number ofusers. In addition, through analysis and simulation, we observe that the impactof the imperfect SIC on the outage performance of STBC-CNOMA is moresignificant compared to the other two imperfections. Therefore, considering thesmaller number of SIC in STBC-CNOMA compared to the other cooperative NOMAprotocols, STBC-CNOMA is an effective solution to achieve high reliability forthe same SIC imperfection condition.

STBC-Aided Cooperative NOMA with Timing Offsets, Imperfect Successive Interference Cancellation, and Imperfect Channel State Information