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We describe a technique to reveal speed-of-sound (SoS) variations within anechogenic sample. The technique uses the same receive data as standardpulse-echo imaging based on plane-wave compounding, and can be operated inparallel. Point-like scatterers randomly distributed throughout the sampleserve as local probes of the downstream transmit-beam phase shifts caused byaberrating structures within the sample. Phase shifts are monitored in adifferential manner, providing signatures of transverse gradients of the localsample SoS. The contrast of the signatures is augmented by a method of angularcompounding, which provides ``focus" control of the image sharpness, which, inturn, enables a visual localization of aberrating inclusions within the sampleon the fly. The localization can be performed in 2D when operated with standardB-mode imaging, or in 3D when operated with C-mode imaging. Finally, we presenta wave-acoustic forward model that provides insight into the principle ofdifferential phase contrast (DPC) imaging, and roughly recapitulatesexperimental results obtained with an elastography phantom. In particular, wedemonstrate that our technique easily reveals relative SoS variations as smallas 0.5\% in real time. Such imaging may ultimately be useful for clinicaldiagnosis of pathologies in soft tissue.

Speed-of-sound imaging by differential phase contrast with angular compounding