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Cyclone Amphan, a super cyclone in the Bay of Bengal after 21 years,intensified from a cyclonic storm (CAT 1) to a super cyclone (CAT 5) in lessthan 36 hours. It went on to make landfall over West Bengal as a Very SevereCyclonic Storm (VSCS) with winds close to 155 kmph. Here, we analyze thedynamics that led to its rapid intensification, given that the system struggledto develop initially despite the presence of ripe conditions like high SeaSurface Temperature (SST) in the Bay. Our analysis clearly reveals that aConvectively Coupled Kelvin Wave (CCKW) from upper troposphere might haveinitiated strong instabilities in the tropopause, which then propagatedvertically downward and interacted with surface disturbances to promoteconvective coupling with the Madden Julian Oscillations (MJO). Such convectivecoupling resulted in a burst of westerly winds along with enhanced verticalmixing and moisture convergence, which eventually led to the formation andintensification of super cyclone, Amphan.

Super Cyclone Amphan: A Dynamical Case Study