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In this manuscript we describe the realization of a minimal hybridmicroswimmer, composed of a ferromagnetic nanorod and a paramagneticmicrosphere. The unbounded pair is propelled in water upon application of aswinging magnetic field that induces a periodic relative movement of the twocomposing elements, where the nanorod rotates and slides on the surface of theparamagnetic sphere. When taken together, the processes of rotation and slidingdescribe a finite area in the parameter space, which increases with thefrequency of the applied field. We develop a theoretical approach and combineit with numerical simulations, which allow us to understand the dynamics of thepropeller and explain the experimental observations. Furthermore, wedemonstrate a reversal of the microswimmer velocity by varying the length ofthe nanorod, as predicted by the model. Finally, we determine theoretically andin experiments the Lighthill's energetic efficiency of this minimal magneticmicroswimmer.

Propulsion and energetics of a minimal magnetic microswimmer