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Quantitative measure of disorder or randomness based on the entropyproduction characterizes thermodynamical irreversibility, which is relevant tothe conventional second law of thermodynamics. Here we report, in a quantummechanical fashion, the first theoretical prediction and experimentalexploration of an information-theoretical bound on the entropy production. Ourtheoretical model consists of a simplest two-level dissipative system driven bya purely classical field, and under the Markovian dissipation, we find thatsuch an information-theoretical bound, not fully validating quantum relaxationprocesses, strongly depends on the drive-to-decay ratio and the initial state.Furthermore, we carry out experimental verification of thisinformation-theoretical bound by means of a single spin embedded in anultracold trapped $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ ion. Our finding, based on a two-level model,is fundamental to any quantum thermodynamical process and indicates muchdifference and complexity in quantum thermodynamics with respect to theconventionally classical counterpart.

Single-Atom Verification of the Information-Theoretical Bound of Irreversibility at the Quantum Level