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This report deals with the design of handover schemes for radio accessnetworks (RAN) in 5G networks, using programmable data plane switches. In 5Gnetworks, the NG-RAN architecture splits the Base Band Unit (BBU) into Centraland Distributed Units (CU and DU). This structure has created a mid-haulNetwork, connecting CUs and DUs. The recent advancements in dataplaneprogrammability can be used to enhance system performance. We show how P4switches can be used to parse the packets between DU, CU, and Back Haul (CoreNetwork) for potential system improvements. In particular, we consider thescenario of mobile handover. The proposed protocol is called SMARTHO,illustrating a smart handover.  Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) is a programminglanguage designed to support specification and programming the forwarding planebehavior of network switches/routers. In SMARTHO, we use P4 Switches tointervene in the handover process for fixed-path mobile users. A resourcepre-allocation scheme that reserves resources before the UE reaches a futurecell, is proposed. The solution is implemented using a P4-based switchintroduced between the CU and the DU. The P4 switch is used to spoof thebehavior of User Equipment (UE) and perform the resource allocation in advance.  The proposed SMARTHO framework is implemented in the mininet emulationenvironment and in a reconfigurable hardware environment using NetFPGA-SUMEboards. The emulation results show a handover response time improvement of 18%for a tandem of two HOs and 25% for a tandem of three HOs. For testbedimplementation, we used NetFPGA-SUME boards as P4 switches. The handover timewas measured to be approximately 50~milliseconds in the experiments conducted.

Design and Implementation of SMARTHO -- A Network Initiated Handover mechanism in NG-RAN, on P4-based Xilinx NetFPGA switches