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An actively controlled Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (actSIS) contagionmodel is presented for studying epidemic dynamics with continuous-time feedbackcontrol of infection rates. Our work is inspired by the observation thatepidemics can be controlled through decentralized disease-control strategiessuch as quarantining, sheltering in place, social distancing, etc., whereindividuals actively modify their contact rates with others in response toobservations of infection levels in the population. Accounting for a time lagin observations and categorizing individuals into distinct sub-populationsbased on their risk profiles, we show that the actSIS model manifestsqualitatively different features as compared with the SIS model. In ahomogeneous population of risk-averters, the endemic equilibrium is alwaysreduced, although the transient infection level can exhibit overshoot orundershoot. In a homogeneous population of risk-tolerating individuals, thesystem exhibits bistability, which can also lead to reduced infection. For aheterogeneous population comprised of risk-tolerators and risk-averters, weprove conditions on model parameters for the existence of a Hopf bifurcationand sustained oscillations in the infected population.

Active Control and Sustained Oscillations in actSIS Epidemic Dynamics