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In this work we attempt to confront the orthodox widespread claim present inthe foundational literature of Quantum Mechanics (QM) according to which'superpositions are never actually observed in the lab'. In order to do so, webegin by providing a critical analysis of the famous measurement problem which,we will argue, was originated by the strict application of theempirical-positivist requirements to subsume the quantum formalism under theirspecific understanding of 'theory'. In this context, the ad hoc introduction ofthe projection postulate (or measurement rule) can be understood as a necessaryrequirement coming from a naive empiricist standpoint which presupposes thatobservations are self evident givens of "common sense" experience --independentof metaphysical (categorical) presuppositions. We then turn our attention totwo "non-collapse" interpretations of QM --namely, modal and many worlds--which even though deny that the "collapse" is a real physical process anyhowretain the measurement rule as a necessary element of the theory. Incontraposition, following Einstein's claim according to which "it is only thetheory which decides what can be observed", we propose a return to the realistrepresentational understanding of 'physical theories' in which 'observation' isconsidered as derived from theoretical presuppositions. It is from thisstandpoint that we discuss a new non-classical conceptual representation whichallows us to understand quantum phenomena in an intuitive (anschaulicht)manner. Leaving behind the projection postulate, we discuss the generalphysical conditions for measuring and observing quantum superpositions.

Measuring Quantum Superpositions (Or, "It is only the theory which decides what can be observed.")