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We consider the design of a uniform circular array (UCA) based multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) system over line-of-sight (LoS) environments in whicharray misalignment exists. In particular, optimal antenna placement in UCAs andtransceiver architectures to achieve the maximum channel capacity without theknowledge of misalignment components are presented. To this end, we firstderive a generic channel model of UCA-based LoS MIMO systems in which threemisalignment factors including relative array rotation, tilting andcenter-shift are reflected concurrently. By factorizing the channel matrix intothe singular value decomposition (SVD) form, we demonstrate that the singularvalues of UCA-based LoS MIMO systems are \textit{independent} of tilting andcenter-shift. Rather, they can be expressed as a function of the \textit{radiiproduct-to-distance ratio} (RPDR) and the angle of relative array rotation.Numerical analyses of singular values show that the RPDR is a key designparameter of UCA systems. Based on this result, we propose an optimal designmethod for UCA systems which performs a one-dimensional search of RPDR tomaximize channel capacity. It is observed that the channel matrix of theoptimally designed UCA system is close to an orthogonal matrix; this factallows channel capacity to be achieved by a simple zero-forcing (ZF) receiver.Additionally, we propose a low-complexity precoding scheme for UCA systems inwhich the optimal design criteria cannot be fulfilled because of limits onarray size. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposeddesign method and transceiver architectures.

Design and Analysis of LoS MIMO Systems with Uniform Circular Arrays