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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential candidate to furtherenhance the spectrum utilization efficiency in beyond fifth-generation (B5G)standards. However, there has been little attention on the quantification ofthe delay-limited performance of downlink NOMA systems. In this paper, weanalyze the performance of a two-user downlink NOMA system over generalized{\alpha}-{\mu} fading in terms of delay violation probability (DVP) andeffective rate (ER). In particular, we derive an analytical expression for anupper bound on the DVP and we derive the exact sum ER of the downlink NOMAsystem. We also derive analytical expressions for high and low signal-to-noiseratio (SNR) approximations to the sum ER, as well as a fundamental upper boundon the sum ER which represents the ergodic sum-rate for the downlink NOMAsystem. We also analyze the sum ER of a corresponding time-division-multiplexedorthogonal multiple access (OMA) system. Our results show that while NOMAconsistently outperforms OMA over the practical SNR range, the relative gainbecomes smaller in more severe fading conditions, and is also smaller in thepresence a more strict delay quality-of-service (QoS) constraint.

Delay Violation Probability and Effective Rate of Downlink NOMA over $\alpha$-$\mu$ Fading Channels