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The XENON1T collaboration has found an excess of electron recoil events intheir Science Run 1 data below ~7 keV with a spectral shape consistent withthat expected from a solar-axion-induced signal. The claimed statisticalsignificance of the solar-axion model over the null hypothesis is 3.5$\sigma$.In this work we provide evidence for mismodeling in the electron recoil datathat may decrease the local significance of the axion model to as low as $p\approx 0.1$. To reach this conclusion, we search for a signal with thespectral template of the solar axion model, but shifted to higher (unphysical)energies above ~7 keV. We find that the distribution of significances foundfrom this side-band analysis does not follow the expected chi-squaredistribution, which allows us to quantify the extent to which mismodeling maybe affecting the interpretation of the data at energies below ~7 keV. Forexample, we find that there is an even higher-significance fit to the data whenthe solar axion model is shifted upwards in energy by ~15 keV and allowed tohave a negative normalization.

Systematics in the XENON1T data: the 15-keV anti-axion