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Among the greatest mysteries in cosmology are the flatness problem,concerning the lack of curvature of the universe, and the homogeneity problem,questioning why the universe is almost isotropic despite having regions thatare causally disconnected. These problems served as motivation for the theoryof inflation, which suggests a period of exponential expansion in the earlyuniverse, and the inflationary origin of the universe can be traced by B-modepolarization. In an effort to better understand the potential foregroundsystematics, especially the levels of polarized dust emission, we queried theHeiles catalog to produce a list of starlight polarization data in theso-called "Southern Hole", which is an approximately $20\times20$ degree regioncentered at RA: $00^h12^m00^s$ and DEC: $-59{\deg}18'00''$ that is beingexamined by multiple CMB polarization experiments. Because magnetic field tendsto dictate the orientation of dust grains, which in turn determines howstarlight is polarized, starlight polarization can be used to trace magneticfields. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the properties of thisregion, we used this catalog, along with Gaia data as tracers of thethree-dimensional distribution of dust, as a potential indicator of magneticfield orientation throughout the galaxy in the Southern Hole region. We thenanalyzed these data with the hope that magnetic field data can be used tocreate a template to aid in subtracting away the contamination of CMB B-modesearches by polarized dust emission. While the results of the analysis arepromising, we found that the currently available data are severely inadequatefor the purpose of creating a template, thus demonstrating the need forimproved and more uniform coverage of the Southern Hole when it comes topolarization measurements.

What is Known About the Polarization of Starlight in the Southern Hole