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Frequency combs, spectra of evenly-spaced narrow phase-coherent laser lines,have revolutionized precision measurements. On-chip frequency comb generatorshold much promise for fully-integrated instruments of time and frequencymetrology. While outstanding developments are being reported with Kerr, quantumcascade and microring electro-optic combs, the field of high-resolutionmultiplexed gas-phase spectroscopy has remained inaccessible to such devices,because of their large line spacing, their small number of usable comb lines,the intensity variations between their comb lines, and their limited photonicintegrability. Here we identify a path to broadband gas-phase spectroscopy on achip. We design a low-noise III-V-on-silicon comb generator on a photonic chip,that emits a flat-top spectrum of 1400 lines at a repetition frequency of 1.0GHz, a feature never approached by other ultra-miniaturized comb synthesizers.With dual-comb spectroscopy, our near-infrared electrically-pumped laserrecords high-resolution (1 GHz) sensitive multiplexed spectra with resolvedcomb lines, in times as short as 5 microseconds. Isotope-resolved 12C/13Cdetection in carbon monoxide is performed within 1 millisecond. With furtherdevelopments, entire high-resolution spectroscopy laboratories-on-a-chip may bemanufactured at the wafer scale. In environmental sensing, broad networks ofspectrometers could be densely field-deployed to simultaneously monitor, inreal time, sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, industrial pollution ornoxious emissions of motor vehicles.

An on-chip III-V-semiconductor-on-silicon laser frequency comb for gas-phase molecular spectroscopy in real-time