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Frequency response and voltage support are vital ancillary services for powergrids. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a real-time controlframework for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide ancillaryservices to power grids. The objective of the control system is to utilize thefull capability of the BESSs to provide ancillary services. We take thevoltage-dependent capability curve of the DC-AC converter and the securityrequirements of BESSs as constraints of the control system. The initial powerset-points are obtained based on the droop control approach. To guarantee thefeasibility of the power set-points with respect to both the convertercapability and BESS security constraints, the final power set-pointscalculation is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem. A convex andcomputationally efficient reformulation of the original control problem is thenproposed. We prove that the proposed convex optimization gives the globaloptimal solution to the original nonconvex problem. We improve thecomputational performance of this algorithm by discretizing the feasible regionof the optimization model. We achieve a 100 ms update time of the controllersetpoint computation in the experimental validation of the utility-scale 720kVA / 560 kWh BESS on the EPFL campus.

Real-time Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Provide Ancillary Services Considering Voltage-Dependent Capability of DC-AC Converters