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In this survey, we explore Andrei Nikolayevich Kolmogorov's seminal work injust one of his many facets: its influence Computer Science especially hisviewpoint of what herein we call 'Algorithmic Theory of Informatics.'  Can a computer file 'reduce' its 'size' if we add to it new symbols? Doequations of state like second Newton law in Physics exist in Computer Science?Can Leibniz' principle of identification by indistinguishability be formalized?  In the computer, there are no coordinates, no distances, and no dimensions;most of traditional mathematical approaches do not work. The computer processesfinite binary sequences i.e. the sequences of 0 and 1. A natural questionarises: Should we continue today, as we have done for many years, to approachComputer Science problems by using classical mathematical apparatus such as'mathematical modeling'? The first who drew attention to this question and gaveinsightful answers to it was Kolmogorov in 1960s. Kolmogorov's empiricalpostulate about existence of a program that translates 'a natural number intoits binary record and the record into the number' formulated in 1958 representsa hint of Kolmogorov's approach to Computer Science.  Following his ideas, we interpret Kolmogorov algorithm, Kolmogorov machine,and Kolmogorov complexity in the context of modern information technologiesshowing that they essentially represent fundamental elements of AlgorithmicTheory of Informatics, Kolmogorov Programmable Technology, and new KomputerMathematics i.e. Mathematics of computers.

Kolmogorov's legacy: Algorithmic Theory of Informatics and Kolmogorov Programmable Technology