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Motivated by MacKenzie's observation of a negative force couple near toimpact, this paper explores a model for how the golf club moves near to impact.It assumes the golf club is moving as the distal arm of a double pendulum. Atimpact the club head is moving straight down the target line, at its maximumspeed, on a path with a specified radius of curvature. From this model theforces and torques required to move the club near to impact are calculated. Thenegative couple near to impact is a robust feature of this model, balancing thetorque associated with the force that drives the center of mass of the golfclub. The negative couple allows the golfer to maintain a larger radius ofcurvature of the path of the club head as it moves through impact.  Because the negative couple can also serve to reduce the rotational speed ofthe club, the presence of a negative couple at impact in the golf swingmanifests a trade between distance and direction.

Forces and Torques Near to Impact in the Golf Swing