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Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systemsis increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-lowvariable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a largesystem, inertia distribution may vary significantly, areas of low inertia aremore susceptible to frequency deviation, posing risks of load shedding andgeneration trip. Therefore, it is necessary for operators to evaluate andquantify the system inertia and its distribution in real time. This paperproposes a novel synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs)-based dynamicsystem inertia estimation method. The proposed inertia estimation method isderived using electrical distance and clustering algorithm, which considers theimpact of location of measurements relative to in-feed load and impact ofoscillations. The center of inertia (COI) area and area of low inertia are alsodetermined during the estimation. Numerical simulations are conducted on theIEEE 24-bus system with various load profiles using Transient Security AnalysisTools (TSAT), a core module of the DSATools, which demonstrate the efficacy ofthe proposed approach.

Dynamic Estimation of Power System Inertia Distribution Using Synchrophasor Measurements