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Impedance matching between receive antenna and front-end significantlyimpacts channel capacity in wireless channels. To implement capacity-optimalmatching, the receiver must know the antenna impedance. But oftentimes thisimpedance varies with loading conditions in the antenna near-field. To mitigatethis variation, several authors have proposed antenna impedance estimationtechniques. However, the optimality of these techniques remains unclear. Inthis paper, we consider antenna impedance estimation at MISO receivers overcorrelated Rayleigh fading channels.  We derive in closed-form the optimal ML estimator under i.i.d. fading andthen show it can be found via a scalar optimization in generally correlatedfading channels. Numerical results suggest a computationally efficient,principal-components approach that estimates antenna impedance in real-time forall Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, ergodic capacity can besignificantly boosted at originally poorly matched receivers with adaptivematching using our proposed approach.

PCA-based Antenna Impedance Estimation in Rayleigh Fading Channels