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The cornea provides the largest refractive power for the human visual system.Its stiffness, along with intraocular pressure (IOP), are linked to severalpathologies, including keratoconus and glaucoma. Although mechanical tests canquantify corneal elasticity ex vivo, they cannot be used clinically. Opticalcoherence elastography (OCE), which launches and tracks shear waves to estimatestiffness, provides an attractive non-contact probe of corneal elasticity. Todate, however, OCE studies report corneal moduli around tens of kPa,orders-of-magnitude less than those (few MPa) obtained by tensile/inflationtesting. This large discrepancy impedes OCE's clinical adoption. Based oncorneal microstructure, we introduce and fully characterize anearly-incompressible transversally isotropic (NITI) model depicting cornealbiomechanics. We show that the cornea must be described by two shear moduli,contrary to current single-modulus models, decoupling tensile and shearresponses. We measure both as a function of IOP in ex vivo porcine cornea,obtaining values consistent with both tensile and shear tests. At pressuresabove 30 mmHg, the model begins to fail, consistent with non-linear changes incornea at high IOP.

Nearly-incompressible transverse isotropy (NITI) of cornea elasticity: model and experiments with acoustic micro-tapping OCE