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Beam management is central in the operation of dense 5G cellular networks.Focusing the energy radiated to mobile terminals (MTs) by increasing the numberof beams per cell increases signal power and decreases interference, and hashence the potential to bring major improvements on area spectral efficiency(ASE). This benefit, however, comes with unavoidable overheads that increasewith the number of beams and the MT speed. This paper proposes a firstsystem-level stochastic geometry model encompassing major aspects of the beammanagement problem: frequencies, antennas, and propagation; physical layer,wireless links, and coding; network geometry, interference, and resourcesharing; sensing, signaling, and mobility management. This model leads to asimple analytical expression for the effective ASE that the typical user getsin this context. This in turn allows one to find, for a wide variety of 5Gnetwork scenarios including millimeter wave (mmWave) and sub-6 GHz, the numberof beams per cell that offers the best global trade-off between these benefitsand costs. We finally provide numerical results that discuss the effects ofdifferent systemic trade-offs and performances of mmWave and sub-6 GHz 5Gdeployments.

Stochastic Geometry-Based Modeling and Analysis of Beam Management in 5G