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In this paper, we develop a physics-based model that allows a scalableoptimization of large intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs). The basic idea isto partition the IRS unit cells into several subsets, referred to as tiles, andmodel the impact of each tile on the wireless channel. Borrowing concepts fromthe radar literature, we model each tile as an anomalous reflector, and deriveits impact on the wireless channel for given unit cell phase shifts by solvingthe corresponding integral equations for the electric and magnetic vectorfields. Based on this model, one can design the phase shifts of the unit cellsof a tile offline for the support of several transmission modes and then selectthe best mode online for a given channel realization. Therefore, the number oftiles and transmission modes in the proposed model are design parameters thatcan be adjusted to trade performance for complexity.

Physics-based Modeling of Large Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for Scalable Optimization