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We discuss the mechanism of electron energization in the upstream region ofrelativistic e/i shock. By using particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstratethe electrons interacting with enhanced electric and magnetic fields of themagnetic vortices (MVs) can gain a significant amount of energy duringinteraction. MVs are self generated in the upstream region of relativisticelectron-ion shock.

Electron energization in upstream of collisionless electron/ion shocks produced by interpenetrating plasmas