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A number of degradation mechanisms have been observed during the long-termoperation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). Using an electrolyte chargecarrier transport model, we quantify the oxygen potentials across theelectrolyte and thereby provide insights into these degradation mechanisms. Ourmodel describes the transport of charge carriers in the electrolyte when theoxygen partial pressure is extremely low by accounting for the spatialvariation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the electrolyte.Moreover, we identify four quantities that characterize the distribution ofoxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte, which are directly related to thedegradation mechanisms in the electrolyte as well: the two oxygen partialpressures at the interfaces of the electrodes and the electrolyte, the oxygenpartial pressure at the interface of YSZ/GDC, and the position of the abruptchange in oxygen potential near the p-n junction that develops in YSZ when oneside of the cell is exposed to fuel (low oxygen potential, n-type conduction)and the other side is exposed to oxidant (high oxygen potential, p-typeconduction). We give analytical estimates for all of these quantities. Theseanalytical expressions provide guidance on the parameters that need to becontrolled to suppress the degradation observed in the electrolyte. Inaddition, the effects of operating conditions, particularly current density andoperating temperature, on degradation are discussed.

The oxygen partial pressure in solid oxide electrolysis cells with two layer electrolytes