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Collective escaping is a ubiquitous phenomenon in animal groups. Symmetrybreaking caused by panic escape exhibits a shared feature across species thatone exit is used more than the other when agents escaping from a closed spacewith two symmetrically located exists. Intuitively, one exit will be used moreby more individuals close to it, namely there is an asymmetric distributioninitially. We used ant groups to investigate how initial distribution ofcolonies would influence symmetry breaking in collective escaping.Surprisingly, there was no positive correlation between symmetry breaking andthe asymmetrically initial distribution, which was quite counter-intuitive. Inthe experiments, a flee stage was observed and accordingly a flee-pheromonemodel was introduced to depict this special behavior in the early stage ofescaping. Simulation results fitted well with the experiment. Furthermore, theflee stage duration was calibrated quantitatively and the model reproduced theobservation demonstrated by our previous work. This paper explicitlydistinguished two stages in ant panic escaping for the first time, thusenhancing the understanding in escaping behavior of ant colonies.

How initial distribution affects symmetry breaking induced by panic in ants: experiment and flee-pheromone model