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This study presents methane-air counterflow simulations, in computationallyefficient similar form, allowing combustible mixtures to flow from one or bothdirections in order to learn more about multi-branched propagating flamestructures (e.g., a triple flame). These structures with both premixed andnon-premixed flames are commonly seen in more practical combustion analyses. Arange of realistic mass mixture fractions and asymmetric chemical rate laws areexamined while avoiding the commonly forced unreal symmetric behavior withone-step second-order kinetics. Moreover, a survey of critical parameters isperformed varying pressure and normal strain rate to define the flame structureand detect different characters. Three flames can co-exist if the strain rateis low enough and the pressure is high enough. However, at higher strain rateand/or lower pressure, only one or two flames might be obtained. Negativeregions of heat release rate are observed and linked to potential endothermicreactions. With a rich premixed mixture at low strain rates and pressures, highexothermic reactions producing CO$_2$ and H$_2$O, and consuming CO and H$_2$causes a heat-release-rate peak. Unexpected character of the lean and richpremixed flames is observed, leading to the conclusion that these flames arediffusion-controlled.

Strain Rate and Pressure Effects on Multi-branched Counterflow Flames