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Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications can potentially meet the highdata-rate requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. However, asthe prerequisite of mmWave communications, the narrow directional beam trackingis very challenging because of the three-dimensional (3D) mobility and attitudevariation of UAVs. Aiming to address the beam tracking difficulties, we proposeto integrate the conformal array (CA) with the surface of each UAV, whichenables the full spatial coverage and the agile beam tracking in highly dynamicUAV mmWave networks. More specifically, the key contributions of our work arethree-fold. 1) A new mmWave beam tracking framework is established for theCA-enabled UAV mmWave network. 2) A specialized hierarchical codebook isconstructed to drive the directional radiating element (DRE)-coveredcylindrical conformal array (CCA), which contains both the angular beam patternand the subarray pattern to fully utilize the potential of the CA. 3) Acodebook-based multiuser beam tracking scheme is proposed, where the Gaussianprocess machine learning enabled UAV position/attitude predication is developedto improve the beam tracking efficiency in conjunction with the tracking-erroraware adaptive beamwidth control. Simulation results validate the effectivenessof the proposed codebook-based beam tracking scheme in the CA-enabled UAVmmWave network, and demonstrate the advantages of CA over the conventionalplanner array in terms of spectrum efficiency and outage probability in thehighly dynamic scenarios.

Codebook-Based Beam Tracking for Conformal ArrayEnabled UAV MmWave Networks