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Return Oriented Programming (ROP) is a technique by which an attacker caninduce arbitrary behavior inside a vulnerable program without injecting amalicious code. The continues failure of the currently deployed defensesagainst ROP has made it again one of the most powerful memory corruptionattacks. ROP is also considered as one of the most flexible attacks, its levelof flexibility, unlike other code reuse attacks, can reach the Turingcompleteness. Several efforts have been undertaken to study this threat and topropose better defense mechanisms (mitigation or prevention), yet the majorityof them are not deeply reviewed nor officially implemented.Furthermore, similarstudies show that the techniques proposed to prevent ROP-based exploits usuallyyield a high false-negative rate and a higher false-positive rate, not tomention the overhead that they introduce into the protected program. The firstpart of this research work aims at providing an in-depth analysis of thecurrently available anti-ROP solutions (deployed and proposed), focusing oninspecting their defense logic and summarizing their weaknesses and problems.The second part of this work aims at introducing our proposed Indicators OfCompromise (IOCs) that could be used to improve the detection rate of ROPattacks. The three suggested indicators could detect these attacks at run-timeby checking the presence of some artifacts during the execution of the targetedprogram.

The never ending war in the stack and the reincarnation of ROP attacks