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In order to keep trace of information and grow up, the infant brain has toresolve the problem about where old information is located and how to index newones. We propose that the immature prefrontal cortex (PFC) use its primaryfunctionality of detecting hierarchical patterns in temporal signals as asecond purpose to organize the spatial ordering of the cortical networks in thedeveloping brain itself. Our hypothesis is that the PFC detects thehierarchical structure in temporal sequences in the form of ordinal patternsand use them to index information hierarchically in different parts of thebrain. Henceforth, we propose that this mechanism for detecting patternsparticipates in the ordinal organization development of the brain itself; i.e.,the bootstrapping of the connectome. By doing so, it gives the tools to thelanguage-ready brain for manipulating abstract knowledge and planningtemporally ordered information; i.e., the emergence of symbolic thinking andlanguage. We will review neural models that can support such mechanisms andpropose new ones. We will confront then our ideas with evidence fromdevelopmental, behavioral and brain results and make some hypotheses, forinstance, on the construction of the mirror neuron system, on embodiedcognition, and on the capacity of learning-to-learn.

Towards a Neural Model for Serial Order in Frontal Cortex: a Brain Theory from Memory Development to Higher-Level Cognition