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Due to the limited available bandwidth and dynamic channel, data rates areextremely limited in underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Addressing thisconcern, in-band fullduplex (IBFD) has the potential to double the efficiencyin a given bandwidth. In an IBFD scheme, transmission and reception areperformed simultaneously in the same frequency band. However, in UWA-IBFD,because of reflections from the surface and bottom and the inhomogeneity of thewater, a significant part of the transmitted signal returns back to the IBFDreceiver. This signal contaminates the desired signal from the remote end andis known as the self-interference (SI). With an estimate of theself-interference channel impulse response (SCIR), a receiver can estimate andeliminate the SI. A better understanding of the statistical characteristics ofthe SCIR is necessary for an accurate SI cancellation. In this article, we usean orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal to characterize theSCIR in a lake water experiment. To verify the results, SCIR estimation isperformed using estimators in both the frequency and time domains. We showthat, in our experiment, regardless of the depth of the hydrophone, the directpath of SCIR is strong, stable and easily tracked; however, the reflectionpaths are weaker and rapidly time-varying making SI cancellation challenging.Among the reflections, the first bounce from the water surface is the prevalentpath with a short coherence time around 70 ms.

Self-Interference Channel Characterization in Underwater Acoustic In-Band Full-Duplex Communications Using OFDM